On July 1, 2018, the first major protests against raising the retirement age took place in dozens of cities across Russia as part of Alexei Navalny’s nationwide campaign against pension reform.
At the same time, Russia was hosting the FIFA World Cup, and demonstrations were banned in host cities. In many other cities, however, organizers were able to secure permits for public rallies. Thanks in large part to Navalny’s campaign, widespread public frustration over the reform was transformed into large-scale protests across the country.
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