A question for the experts of the World Wide Web. Online polls. A pretty popular thing these days. Am I right in thinking that there are several technical formats: 1. Anyone can vote, from any address, as many times as they want. 2. Anyone can vote, from any address, as many times as they want, but a CAPTCHA is used, so you can’t stuff the vote by writing a special script. 3. Anyone can vote, from any address, as many times as they want, but the poll leaves a cookie, and someone who doesn’t know how to delete cookies can’t vote a second time from the same device. 4. The poll remembers the IP address and doesn’t allow multiple votes from the same device. But there are such things as "dynamic IP addresses," so vote stuffing is still possible. So the actual question is: are there any formats of online voting where cheating is genuinely impossible and the voting follows the rule of "one person, one vote," or at least "one device, one vote"? In some countries, people vote online in real elections. Does that necessarily involve physically going somewhere to get a password, etc.?
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